
(图片来自文章)
近日,来自美国Dana-Farber癌症研究所的研究人员在国际学术期刊Nature genetic上发表了一项最新研究,他们在前列腺癌是如何发生这一问题上取得了关键性进展,这项研究表明前列腺癌细胞并不是通过重写正常的DNA密码,而是通过对前列腺细胞内调控基因表达的关键因子进行重编程驱动了细胞的恶性生长。
这一发现在理解前列腺癌起源问题上迈出了重要一步,也为预防和治疗前列腺癌提供了新的契机。
领导该项研究的研究人员指出,由于在前列腺肿瘤中很少发现基因突变的存在,
因此究竟什么驱动了正常前列腺细胞癌变过程中一系列关键事件的发生一直是困扰着很多科学家的难题,而这项研究在深入理解这一问题上取得了重要进展。在该研究中,研究人员对一些病人的正常前列腺细胞和癌变前列腺细胞进行了对比,找到了细胞发生重编程的证据。
雄激素受体是一种受到雄性激素激活的受体蛋白,它能够开启或关闭许多控制前列腺细胞生长以及执行其他功能的基因。研究人员发现在癌细胞内能够被雄激素受体所结合的DNA位点与正常前列腺细胞存在很大不同。而这些DNA位点发生的重编程主要是表观遗传改变所导致,这表明在前列腺癌形成过程中表观遗传变化是一个关键因素。
除此之外,研究人员还发现了另外两个转录因子--FOXA1和HOXB13也在驱动雄激素受体顺反组的重编程过程中发挥重要作用。
由于表观遗传重编程是一个可逆的过程,因此文章作者指出,未来或许可以开发靶向表观遗传的治疗药物用以预防或治疗前列腺癌。

The androgen receptor cistrome is extensively reprogrammed in human prostate tumorigenesis
Mark M Pomerantz,Fugen Li,David Y Takeda,Romina Lenci,Apurva Chonkar,Matthew Chabot,Paloma Cejas,Francisca Vazquez,Jennifer Cook,Ramesh A Shivdasani,Michaela Bowden,Rosina Lis,William C Hahn,Philip W Kantoff,Myles Brown,Massimo Loda,Henry W Long & Matthew L Freedman
Master transcription factors interact with DNA to establish cell type identity and to regulate gene expression in mammalian cells1, 2. The genome-wide map of these transcription factor binding sites has been termed the cistrome3. Here we show that the androgen receptor (AR) cistrome undergoes extensive reprogramming during prostate epithelial transformation in man. Using human prostate tissue, we observed a core set of AR binding sites that are consistently reprogrammed in tumors. FOXA1 and HOXB13 colocalized at the reprogrammed AR binding sites in human tumor tissue. Introduction of FOXA1 and HOXB13 into an immortalized prostate cell line reprogrammed the AR cistrome to resemble that of a prostate tumor, functionally linking these specific factors to AR cistrome reprogramming. These findings offer mechanistic insights into a key set of events that drive normal prostate epithelium toward transformation and establish the centrality of epigenetic reprogramming in human prostate tumorigenesis.