来自美国格拉德斯通研究所的科学家们最近发现一种用于类风湿性关节炎的治疗药物--双水杨酯(salsalate)能够有效逆转额颞痴呆(FTD)动物模型中tau相关功能紊乱。Salsalate能够阻止tau在脑中的累积,避免发生类似阿尔茨海默病和额颞痴呆的认知损伤。
近日,相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊nature medicine上,在该研究中研究人员发现乙酰化的tau蛋白是该蛋白的一种毒性形式,能够促进神经退行性损伤和认知缺陷的发生。Salsalate能够成功逆转FTD小鼠模型的疾病表型,降低脑中tau蛋白水平,挽回记忆损伤,并帮助小鼠避免下丘脑萎缩的发生。
虽然关于tau蛋白在痴呆发生过程中发挥作用的研究已经有一段时间,但是仍然没有靶向tau蛋白的治疗药物可以用于病人的疾病治疗。除此之外,这种蛋白究竟如何在脑中累积,引起毒性并促进疾病发生至今仍然没有了解清楚。
通过对患有阿尔茨海默病的死亡病人的大脑进行研究,研究人员发现tau蛋白乙酰化是阿尔茨海默病的病理学标志之一,tau蛋白的乙酰化不仅标志着疾病进展,同时还会促进tau的累积和毒性。在FTD小鼠模型中,当tau发生乙酰化,神经元降解该蛋白的能力就会下降,引起tau在脑中的累积,这会进而导致小鼠脑萎缩以及认知损伤的发生。
研究人员发现Salsalate能够抑制脑中乙酰化酶p300的作用,通过这种方式阻断tau的乙酰化能够有效降低脑中tau蛋白的水平,进而逆转tau诱导的记忆缺陷并防止脑细胞死亡。
总的来说,这项研究发现靶向tau蛋白乙酰化可成为对抗阿尔茨海默病和FTD等疾病的新治疗策略,同时还发现类风湿性关节炎治疗药物Salsalate对于降低tau蛋白水平具有重要作用,或在未来可用于上述疾病的治疗。
Critical role of acetylation in tau-mediated neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits
Sang-Won Min,Xu Chen,Tara E Tracy,Yaqiao Li,Yungui Zhou,Chao Wang,Kotaro Shirakawa,S Sakura Minami,Erwin Defensor,Sue Ann Mok,Peter Dongmin Sohn,Birgit Schilling,Xin Cong,Lisa Ellerby,Bradford W Gibson,Jeffrey Johnson,Nevan Krogan,Mehrdad Shamloo,Jason Gestwicki,Eliezer Masliah,Eric Verdin & Li Gan
Tauopathies, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), are neurodegenerative diseases in which tau fibrils accumulate. Recent evidence supports soluble tau species as the major toxic species. How soluble tau accumulates and causes neurodegeneration remains unclear. Here we identify tau acetylation at Lys174 (K174) as an early change in AD brains and a critical determinant in tau homeostasis and toxicity in mice. The acetyl-mimicking mutant K174Q slows tau turnover and induces cognitive deficits in vivo. Acetyltransferase p300-induced tau acetylation is inhibited by salsalate and salicylate, which enhance tau turnover and reduce tau levels. In the PS19 transgenic mouse model of FTD, administration of salsalate after disease onset inhibited p300 activity, lowered levels of total tau and tau acetylated at K174, rescued tau-induced memory deficits and prevented hippocampal atrophy. The tau-lowering and protective effects of salsalate were diminished in neurons expressing K174Q tau. Targeting tau acetylation could be a new therapeutic strategy against human tauopathies.