很多人都认为,孩子应该在快乐、幸福甜蜜的家庭中成长,实际上结果是,在绝大程度上取决于成年父母关系之间的和谐和融洽(这是一种常识)。研究者在文章中发现这种常识在现实生活中非常准确,而该项研究仅是研究者从1946年开始进行的一项长期研究的一部分,此前研究人员招募了5362名志愿者进行研究,这些志愿者定期联系,同时进行相关调查和医学考试。
这项最新的研究中,研究者让志愿者填写了一份包括25个问题的调查试卷,这些问题主要围绕参与者之间的关系以及在其出生至16岁时父母间的关系。
通过对结果进行分析,研究者表示,从小被父母控制的儿童长大后会认为自己有较低的心理健康问题,但相比生长在较大支持且控制较少的家庭环境中的儿童而言,前者儿童并不太快乐;控制行为被定义为不允许孩子做出自己的决定,不允许孩子根据自己的思维进行思考而且不允许发表自己的观点,侵犯孩子的隐私或者让孩子参与一些依赖父母的行为活动。特别值得注意的是,研究者还发现,这种影响在60至64岁年龄组的个体中尤为明显。
相比较而言,认为父母并不太进行控制的志愿者往往生活满意度较高而且拥有健康的心理认知,此前研究显示,被不太进行控制的父母抚养的孩子更易于以健康的方式和人际关系生长,最后研究者总结道,我们呼吁政府应该通过一定的程序降低父母的压力,从而促进父母和孩子之间的关系,进而利于儿童后期的成长。
doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.08.001
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Parent-child relationships and offspring’s positive mental wellbeing from adolescence to early older age
Stafford, Mai; Kuh, Diana; Gale, Catharine; Mishra, Gita; Richards, Marcus
Few longitudinal studies considered positive mental wellbeing outcomes. We addressed this gap using Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD) data. Wellbeing was measured at ages 13-15 (teacher-rated happiness), 36 (life satisfaction), 43 (satisfaction with home and family life), and 60-64 years (Diener Satisfaction With Life scale and Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale). The Parental Bonding Instrument captured perceived care and control from the father and mother to age 16, recalled by study members at age 43. Greater wellbeing was seen for offspring with higher combined parental care and lower combined parental psychological control (p<0.05 at all ages). Controlling for maternal care and paternal and maternal behavioural and psychological control, childhood social class, parental separation, mother's neuroticism and study member's personality, higher wellbeing was consistently related to paternal care. This suggests that both mother-child and father-child relationships may have short and long-term consequences for positive mental wellbeing.
