近日,来自美国西南医学中心的研究人员发现在脑细胞中增加一种信号分子的水平可以改变大脑对外界应激的应答情况,这一发现为治疗抑郁症提供了一个新的潜在靶向目标。相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊nature neuroscience上。
严重应激或慢性应激可以触发或加速重度抑郁症的发生,目前每年全世界有大约1亿2千万人受到抑郁影响,而在患有抑郁症的人群中还有20%~40%的人不能得到有效治疗,这表明还需要开发新的治疗方法和手段治疗抑郁症。
在这项研究中,研究人员发现脑细胞中cAMP水平上升对于应激诱导的小鼠行为具有一个很好的改善作用。之前有研究发现患有重度抑郁症的人其cAMP信号途径常发生损伤,而一些慢性的抗抑郁治疗方法也常常通过开启这套信号系统达到治疗目的。
研究人员发现干扰磷酸二酯酶4(PDE-4)的激活可以增加脑细胞中cAMP的水平。他们通过在小鼠前脑中敲除蛋白激酶Cdk5干扰了PDE4的功能,提高了cAMP的水平,结果发现在应激诱导实验中,小鼠的行为应答得到很好的改善。研究人员随后开发了一种类似药物的多肽能够特异性阻断PDE4的功能,用该多肽对小鼠进行处理后,发现在可以用来衡量抗抑郁效果的急性应激测试中,小鼠的挣扎反应增加,这表明这种特异性多肽可以有效改善应激诱导的抑郁。
这项研究为开发新的抗抑郁药物提供了重要信息,同时也是在开发新策略治疗重度抑郁症的征程上迈出的重要一步。
The role of ventral striatal cAMP signaling in stress-induced behaviors
Florian Plattner,Kanehiro Hayashi,Adan Hernández,David R Benavides,Tara C Tassin,Chunfeng Tan,Jonathan Day,Maggy W Fina,Eunice Y Yuen,Zhen Yan,Matthew S Goldberg,Angus C Nairn,Paul Greengard,Eric J Nestler,Ronald Taussig,Akinori Nishi,Miles D Houslay& James A Bibb
The cAMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signaling cascade is a ubiquitous pathway acting downstream of multiple neuromodulators. We found that the phosphorylation of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) by cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 (Cdk5) facilitated cAMP degradation and homeostasis of cAMP/PKA signaling. In mice, loss of Cdk5 throughout the forebrain elevated cAMP levels and increased PKA activity in striatal neurons, and altered behavioral responses to acute or chronic stressors. Ventral striatum- or D1 dopamine receptor-specific conditional knockout of Cdk5, or ventral striatum infusion of a small interfering peptide that selectively targeted the regulation of PDE4 by Cdk5, produced analogous effects on stress-induced behavioral responses. Together, our results demonstrate that altering cAMP signaling in medium spiny neurons of the ventral striatum can effectively modulate stress-induced behavioral states. We propose that targeting the Cdk5 regulation of PDE4 could be a new therapeutic approach for clinical conditions associated with stress, such as depression.